Home Battery Installation Near Me（Photovoltaic power generation installation）
Home distributed photovoltaic power generation design and installation steps
1.Design of distributed photovoltaic power generation system
1.Design the power of the panel according to the user’s needs.For specific design standards,please refer to the relevant regulations in GB 50797-2012″Code for Design of Photovoltaic Power Stations”.
Before installing a distributed photovoltaic power generation system,the power of the panels should be designed according to the needs of users.First of all,the daily electricity consumption of the user must be considered.The solar photovoltaic power generation must first meet the household electricity consumption of the user.Only in this way can excess electricity be uploaded to the national grid.
At present,the average monthly electricity consumption of each household of urban residents is about 150 kWh(1 kWh=1 kWh,the same below),that is,the daily electricity consumption is 5 kWh.According to the calculation of the 2000-watt panel system,assuming that the average daily light is 6 hours,the power generation per hour is 1.5 degrees,and the daily power generation is 9 degrees.In this way,it can not only meet its own electricity consumption,but also upload the remaining electricity to the national grid.
Simple calculation method for the configuration of home solar photovoltaic power generation system:Because the solar constant of the earth’s surface is approximately equal to 1000 watts per square meter,this radiation intensity is the standard light intensity for testing battery components in solar photovoltaic power generation systems.For the AC system design,the method is the same as that of the DC system in principle,except that the efficiency of the inverter is added to the system efficiency value,and there are differences in the selection of the wire diameter of the main circuit.
Regarding the efficiency of the inverter in the system,the total system efficiency cannot be simply multiplied by other efficiencies,and the total system efficiency calculated in this way should also be corrected.For specific efficiency parameter correction standards,please refer to the relevant provisions of GB/T 39857-2021″Technical Specifications for Photovoltaic Power Generation Efficiency”.
2.Design the power of the panel according to the house area
When applying for grid-connected power generation,we need to hand over the user’s real estate certificate,and also count the roof area ofthe house.This is not only a prerequisite for installation,but also whether the corresponding solar panels can be installed on the user’s roof.Because the power generation system of the corresponding power needs to be equipped with the corresponding number of panels,and the light conditions of the house throughout the day should also be considered.
In this way,the area ofthe house must be calculated to ensure the normal installation of the solar power generation system.In theory,all residents can apply for a distributed grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system,but in fact,the distributed grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system has very high requirements on the roof area.It is recommended to consider the installation location and installation area ofphotovoltaic modules first.
Generally speaking,south roofs or roofs facing east and west are more suitable for installation.In addition,families with yards or balconies can also consider installing sun sheds,car sheds or sunshades.Generally speaking,the installed capacity of 1000 watts requires ten square meters of roof area.At present,villas,townhouses,and rural single-family houses are more suitable for installing distributed photovoltaic power generation projects.
If it is a residential area,the procedures may be more troublesome.The owner of the entire unit or all interested parties in the entire building is required to sign off for installation.If there are local communities or sub-district offices to coordinate and promote,it is still feasible to install the photovoltaic power generation system on the roof of the residential area as a whole.
If it is an individual who takes measures such as leasing to install a photovoltaic power generation system on the roof of a residential area for the purpose of profit,the communication cost is too high,time-consuming and labor-intensive,and the ratio of revenue to investment is too large.If it is not necessary,it is not recommended to get involved.
3.Consider grid connection conditions and local grid conditions
For new distributed photovoltaic power generation projects using building roofs and affiliated sites,the power generation can be fully self-generated for self-use,part of the self-generated and self-consumption surplus power,or full access to the Internet,and users can choose the mode of access to the Internet.
4.Select the matching inverter system according to the power of the panel
The main function of the solar inverter is to convert the DC motor into AC power.The full-bridge circuit uses a processor to obtain a sinusoidal AC common system terminal that matches the AC load frequency and rated voltage through modulation,filtering,boosting,etc.user use.With an inverter,AC power can be supplied from the DC power supply of the panels.Therefore,the specifications of the inverter should be determined according to the power generation of the battery panel.
At present,the inverters of the distributed power generation system are all 1~10 kilowatts,and the voltage is generally 12 volts,24 volts and 48 volts.Only when the voltage and power meet the inverter,can such a system operate normally and extend the power generation.the life of the system.
Here is a brief introduction to the power calculation method of the battery board:
Total power generated=number of photovoltaic panels×power generation time×actual power generation efficiency
Number of photovoltaic panels=required power÷power generation time÷actual efficiency of the inverter
Required inverter power=the sum of the power used by all electrical appliances at the same time÷the actual efficiency of the inverter
The inverter is the part that needs to be selected carefully.We calculate the rated power(or total apparent power)used by household appliances at the same time,and consider the situation where the appliances are used in a staggered manner(demand coefficient).The power required by the appliance when it starts to start is the peak power,which is much greater than the rated power.Such as air conditioners,refrigerators,washing machines,induction cookers,microwave ovens,etc.
Therefore,the inverter power should be increased.For example,if the total power is 1600 watts,it is recommended to use an inverter of more than 3000 watts.The problem of peak power has an impact on the energy storage part of the power generation part and needs to be appropriately increased.The actual carrying power of the inverter is also a big problem,which often requires the selection of high-quality inverters.Many poor inverters have a nominal power far less than the actual carrying power.
The inverter not only has the function of DC-AC conversion,but also has the function of maximizing the function of solar cells,as well as the function of system modulation and maintenance,the function of maximum power tracking control,the function of preventing independent operation,the function of automatic voltage adjustment,and the function of DC detection.,DC grounding detection function,etc.At the same time,the efficiency of inverters is also considered,and the power circuits used in these inverters are examined and the best choices for switching and rectifier devices are recommended.
The sunlight shines on the solar modules connected in series.Each module contains a group of solar cells connected in series.The DC voltage generated by the solar modules is in the order of hundreds of volts.The specific value depends on the lighting conditions of the module array.temperature and the number of modules connected in series.
2.Hardware system design
Figure 1-1 Schematic diagram of common stent structure
1.Selection of stent material
(1)Cast iron.Cast iron is a general term for alloys composed of iron,carbon and silicon.The carbon content in these cores exceeds that which can be retained in austenite solid solution at the eutectic temperature.Carbon steel castings are not suitable for direct use due to their low as-cast plasticity and toughness,and are prone to rust during use,so cast iron is not recommended here.
(2)Angle iron.Angle steel,commonly known as angle iron,is a long strip of steel with two sides perpendicular to each other at right angles.Cast iron has high carbon content,poor plasticity,uneven structure,and poor weldability.During welding,there will generally be white mouth after welding,which is prone to cracks and pores.And considering the problem of long-term use,it will also rust during use,so it is not used here.
(3)Galvanized angle steel.Galvanized angle steel is divided into hot-dip galvanized angle steel and cold-galvanized angle steel.Hot-dip galvanized angle steel is also called hot-dip galvanized angle steel or hot-dip galvanized angle steel.The cold galvanized coating mainly uses the electrochemical principle to ensure that the full contact between the zinc powder and the steel produces an electrode potential difference for anti-corrosion.
Advantages of galvanized angle steel:
Low treatment cost:The cost of hot dip galvanizing is lower than that of other paint coatings.
Durability:hot-dip galvanized angle steel has the characteristics of surface gloss,uniform zinc layer,no leakage plating,no dripping,strong adhesion and strong corrosion resistance.In suburban environment,the standard hot-dip galvanized anti-rust thickness can be maintained for 50 years The above is not more than repair;in urban or offshore areas,the standard hot-dip galvanized rust layer can be maintained for 20 years without repair.
Good reliability:There is a metallurgical bond between the galvanized layer and the steel,which is part of the steel surface,so the durability of the coating is more reliable.
(4)Aluminum alloy.Aluminum alloy is the most widely used non-ferrous metal structural material in the industry,and has been widely used in aviation,aerospace,automobile,machinery manufacturing,shipbuilding and chemical industries.With the rapid development of the industrial economy,the demand for aluminum alloy welded structural parts is increasing,and the research on the weldability of aluminum alloys is also in-depth.
Aluminum alloys have low density but relatively high strength,approaching or exceeding that of high-quality steel.Aluminum alloy has good plasticity and can be processed into various profiles.It has excellent electrical conductivity,thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance.It is widely used in industry,and its usage is second only to steel.Some aluminum alloys can be heat treated to obtain good mechanical properties,physical properties and corrosion resistance.
Product features:bright and colorful decoration,weather resistance,corrosion resistance,impact resistance,fire resistance,moisture resistance,sound insulation,heat insulation,shock resistance,easy processing and molding,easy handling and installation,etc.
2.Common roof photovoltaic bracket connection methods
Common bracket feet:bracket support legs,bracket connectors,bracket steel,supporting bracket battery plate edge pressure,supporting battery plate medium pressure.
3.Manual welding bracket
4.Connecting members between solar panels
5.Connection between non-welded support and cement pier
6.Installation of non-welding sliding brackets
6.Adjustable stand
3.Connection between bracket and fixture
(1) The connection between the bracket and the cement pier
(2)The bracket is directly connected to the ground
(3)Bracket and ceiling(fixed with glue or fasteners)
3.The overall structure design of the bracket
1.Pour cement piers on the cement roof
Pouring concrete piers on concrete roofs is the most common way to install brackets.
Advantages:fixed,no damage to waterproof;
Disadvantages:It requires a lot of labor and time.The cement pier needs more than a week of curing and curing time.The bracket can be installed after the cement pier is completely cured,and a large number of prefabricated molds are required.
2.Prefabricated cement bricks
Advantages:Compared with the time-saving of making cement piers,the counterweight cement bricks can be customized in advance to save cement embedded parts.
Disadvantages:inconvenient transportation,increase transportation cost.
3.Steel structure connection
Make a flange at the bottom end of the column of the support,use galvanized steel to connect several support arrays together,500 kilowatts or even more than one megawatt as a unit,use the weight of the support array to increase the wind resistance,only need to do it on the roof bearing point A few cement piers to hold a large array of brackets.
Advantages:Quick and easy installation and easy disassembly.
Disadvantages:The cost is high,and the cost of the bracket is not less than one yuan per watt.
4.Selection of color steel tile roof brackets
The color steel tile workshop is easy to install,but the domestic color steel tile has a life span of 10 to 15 years.After installing the photovoltaic power station,it is difficult to maintain and repair,and there are too many hidden dangers.There are three common types of color steel tiles:upright seam type,angular type,and trapezoid.For the vertical seam type and angle chisel type color steel tile,the wave crest of the color steel tile is mostly used to fix the bracket guide rail with a special aluminum alloy fixture.The color steel tile has a life span of 10 to 15 years and a load-bearing capacity of 15 to 30 kilograms per square meter.It is mostly tiled and installed.
Fourth,the installation of the hardware structure
1.Preparation.After approval by the power supply department,according to the site area provided by the owner or on-site measurement,the solar panels are connected in series and parallel,and a reasonable construction circuit diagram is designed,as well as the selection of specifications and parameters such as solar panels and inverters.
According to the different types of sites,the arrangement of the solar panel array is designed,and the N-type,rectangular and other arrangements are generally selected.The general household distributed photovoltaic power generation system adopts the system full series connection,and must go to the market to purchase formal photovoltaic system equipment.
2.Attach the bracket.Welding brackets or connecting brackets with sliding screws are mainly made of rigid materials,and the general structure is a right-angled triangular prism composed of two triangles and a rectangle.The bracket is used to place the solar panel,and the solar panel is inclined at a certain angle to obtain a relatively large photoelectric conversion efficiency.
3.Ground fixed.Connect the welded supports to the cut bluestone piers or cement piers.Cement piers or bluestone piers are fixed on the four corners of the bracket or other main bearing points,and the horizontal plane is leveled,so that the solar panel and the bracket are stably located on the site.The fixing methods are mostly connected by expansion screws or welded with embedded parts.
4.Place and connect the solar panel.Place the solar panel on the fixed bracket,and connect the bracket to the edge of the solar energy with ordinary screws or aluminum alloy fasteners.Each solar panel is fixed with at least 4 screws or aluminum alloy fasteners.
After the solar panel and the bracket are installed and fixed,each solar panel is connected in series,and then connected to the DC-The AC inverter converts the direct current generated by the solar panel into alternating current and supplies the load with electricity.
At the same time,the inverter is connected to the two-way meter provided by the power supply department,and the surplus power is connected to the Internet(generally,the black wire is connected to the negative electrode,and the red wire is connected to the positive electrode).The two-way meter is built in a distributed photovoltaic power generation system and given away free of charge after being accepted by the power supply department(in some places you may need to pay for it yourself,please refer to the local regulations for details),it can record the solar energy in detail.The total power generated by the battery board and the power on the Internet.
5.Check.Check the connection of each wire head from the whole to the part or from the part to the whole.If necessary,add a sealing device such as a plastic tube to protect the photovoltaic cable,and check whether the connection between the photovoltaic devices is tight and reliable.If the voltage of our photovoltaic power generation system exceeds the safety voltage of the human body,we must take protective measures.
The protective measures generally include installing isolation nets,adding insulating sheaths to bare wires,reliable grounding of the metal frame of photovoltaic cells,reliable grounding of metal brackets,and reliable grounding of other related equipment.